Pain is a physical and psychological experience that occurs when an animal is exposed to elements that could damage their body. While the ability to feel pain is essential for life, pain can also compromise a horse’s welfare or performance, and cause them to behave in undesirable ways.

When pain is detected by specialized nerves called nociceptors, two things happen. First, a signal is sent to the brain. Second, the horse’s brain processes that signal. As every horse is different, some horse brains may ignore or endure the painful sensation, while others will react, and will show a wide range of behavioural responses. This variation in response is what leads to differing levels of pain tolerance among horses.

The limbic system is a group of brain structures responsible for the regulation of emotions and behavioural responses that can aid in survival. Pain is always processed through the limbic system, so when horses experience pain, they also experience unpleasant emotions. Some horses may become anxious or frightened, while others may become irritable or angry. In all instances, the horse will show these emotions through their behaviour.

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